Architectural Image Studies (E-ISSN:2184-8645) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that explores the visual, cultural, technological, social, economic, and managerial dimensions of architecture. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, AIS brings together architecture, urban studies, economics, management, heritage, arts, social sciences, and digital technologies to understand how the built environment is conceived, represented, experienced, governed, and sustained. We believe architecture is more than form and function — it is a cultural and economic asset, shaped by complex interactions between design, policy, markets, communities, and technology. AIS publishes original research articles, theoretical explorations, visual essays, practice-based case studies, and critical reviews. The journal especially welcomes work that connects design thinking with economic development, urban governance, tourism management, and cultural industries. Our Areas of Interest Include: Architectural Representation & Media – Drawings, photography, film, digital rendering, photogrammetry, AI-generated visualizations. Urbanism & Spatial Studies – Urban planning, infrastructure, mobility, public space governance. Cultural Heritage & History – Heritage management, preservation economics, restoration policy, memory studies. Sustainability & Environmental Design – Green architecture, climate-responsive planning, adaptive reuse, resilience strategies. Art–Architecture Intersections – Public art, installations, creative collaborations in spatial contexts. Digital Technologies & Innovation – VR/AR, 3D scanning, computational design, smart environments, BIM systems. Social & Cultural Perspectives – Inclusivity, participatory planning, community-led development, spatial justice. Economics of Architecture & Urban Development – Real estate markets, architectural entrepreneurship, cost-benefit analysis in design. Management & Policy in the Built Environment – Urban governance, cultural tourism management, infrastructure project management, policy frameworks. Interdisciplinary Approaches – Anthropology, sociology, philosophy, psychology, cultural geography in built environment studies. Please submit your article as an email attachment to editor@ap2.pt
TRENDS IN THE ABILITY OF HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN MADRASAHS: CASE IN INDONESIA
The rapid development of science and technology in the 21st century requires humans to have high-level thinking skills. In the world of education, HOTS is the thinking ability of students who not only remember but are also expected to be able to develop ideas. This research aims to determine students' higher order thinking skills in solving HOTS-based daily assessment questions on Islamic religious education subjects. Quantitative research with descriptive content analysis approach aims to determine students' higher order thinking skills in solving HOTS-based daily assessment questions on Islamic religious education subjects. The data was collected by giving a description test through the MAN 1 Pekanbaru E-learning application version 4.5.1. The results of the PAP analysis show that the class XI students of MAN 1 Pekanbaru tend to have higher-order thinking skills in the "high" category in solving the C6 cognitive domain questions. The results of the interview show that the students of class XI MAN 1 Pekanbaru tend to have difficulty when making/forming sentences that lead to the completion of C6 cognitive domain questions. Students tend to have higher-order thinking skills in the "high" category even though they still have difficulty when making/forming sentences that lead to the completion of C6 cognitive domain questions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mas’ud Zein, Musa Thahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Local History and Cultural Landscape for Cultural Tourism Management: A Case Study of the Ancient Town Community around Prasat Phanomwan, Ban Pho Subdistrict, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province
This study aims to explore local history and cultural landscape as cultural capital for cultural tourism management of Phanomwan Community located around the ancient site of Prasat Phanomwan, Ban Pho Subdistrict, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The results reflect cultural ecology through the dynamic of adaptation to the environment and culture. In particular, the community regards Prasat Phanomwan as its significant ancient site, both from the aspect of various forms of local land use and information on local history and folklore that demonstrate the development of settlement, way of life, local wisdom, and cultural economic system of local people that align with the concept of cultural landscape. The body of knowledge is regarded as significant capital that the community can build upon and develop as a prominent cultural tourist attraction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nittaya Wannakit, Worawit Chantadet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Income Capitalization Approach for property valuation: a critical assessment of opportunities and limitations
The article provides a critical analysis of income-based methods used in real estate valuation (the Income Capitalization Approach – ICA) with the aim of highlighting their theoretical foundations, operational applications, strengths, and limitations within increasingly complex real estate markets. The study adopts a comparative approach based on an examination of the theoretical assumptions and operational procedures underpinning the methodologies included in the ICA. Critical variables are evaluated, such as the definition of cash flows, the determination of capitalization and discount rates, the estimation of terminal value, and the reliability of market inputs. The investigation integrates insights from international literature and reflections derived from professional practice. The critical assessment shows that Direct Capitalization (DC) remains effective in stable and transparent markets, but proves rigid in contexts characterized by irregular income patterns, cyclicality, or limited information availability. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis emerges as a more flexible and theoretically robust methodology capable of modeling complex scenarios; however, its effectiveness is strongly dependent on the quality of the assumptions adopted and on market predictability.The article offers an interpretative framework that can guide both academic research and professional practice toward a more informed, transparent, and critical use of income-based valuation tools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rocco Murro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Flipping the Istima' Class: Development of Interactive Digital Arabic Modules for Islamic Colleges
This research aims to develop an interactive and validated Istima' learning module based on the Flipped Learning approach specifically for students at State Islamic Universities in the Sumatra region. Adopting the ADDIE development model, this study focused on the three initial stages: Analysis, Design, and Development. Data were collected through literature reviews, interviews, classroom observations, and questionnaires distributed to students at UIN Suska Riau, UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, and UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar. The results of the analysis phase revealed a significant need (90%) for digital modules that support self-paced learning. Expert validation showed that the module is highly valid with an average score of 92.6%, specifically excelling in the presentation aspect (96%). Furthermore, limited trials indicated a high practicality score of 83.97%, with students reporting increased confidence and engagement in Arabic listening tasks. The integration of interactive audio-visual elements and a systematic instructional structure allows for effective pre-class independent study and active in-class discussion. This study concludes that the developed Flipped Learning module is a practical and efficient tool for modernizing Arabic language instruction in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Khalilullah, Mahyudin Syukri, Devi Purwanti, Musa Thahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A comparative theoretical study on the impact of social media marketing on consumer preferences by gender
This comparative theoretical study examines the impact of social media on consumer preferences, with a focus on consumer gender. The study aims to understand the prevailing perception that consumer gender both influences and is influenced by promotional messages on social media.The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to determine the extent to which consumer gender influences their consumer preferences and to identify the methods used by popular social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp) to promote products using gender-based promotional messages.Based on statistics and public opinion polls, the study reveals that promotional messages on social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram continue to target consumers based on their gender, among other factors.The study demonstrates that significant differences still influence promotional messages published on social media. Therefore, the study recommends considering gender, along with other factors, when distributing promotional messages to ultimately achieve organizational goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Somaia Osman Mohamed Abdelgadir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Influence of Policy Implementation Dimensions on Service Effectiveness Mediated by Access to Health Services at Community Health Centers
This study aims to examine and explain the influence of policy implementation dimensions on service effectiveness mediated by access to health services at the Kendari City Community Health Center. This study is an explanatory study with a quantitative approach and survey method. The study population was patients who visited the General Polyclinic of the Community Health Center in Kendari City during the study period with a sample of 391 respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire, tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS software version 4. The results showed that communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure had a positive and significant effect on both service effectiveness and access to health services. Access to health services was also proven to have a positive and significant effect on service effectiveness, although with a smaller coefficient compared to the direct influence of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. In addition, access to health services plays a significant partial mediator in the relationship between communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure on service effectiveness. This finding suggests that local governments and community health center (Puskesmas) managers should focus improvements in policy implementation not only on administrative compliance but also on increasing access to health services to achieve sustainable service effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Niaty Sauria, Samdin ., Nasrul ., Sudirman Zaid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Visualizing Truth in Digital Conflicts: Fact-Checking as Image Governance in Contested Information Spaces
In contemporary digital conflicts, images function not merely as communicative content but as architectural structures of meaning that organize perception, affect, and political positioning within information spaces. Visual misinformation—through decontextualized photographs, altered screenshots, memes, and video fragments—operates by destabilizing the spatial and semiotic coherence of these environments. While existing scholarship has extensively examined fact-checking as an epistemic or journalistic corrective, its role as a visual-governance practice remains underexplored. This article reconceptualizes fact-checking as a form of image governance that intervenes in the circulation, spatial positioning, and symbolic stabilization of visual meaning in conflict-laden digital environments. Drawing on qualitative visual analysis of approximately twenty-five image-centered fact-checking reports published between 2020 and 2023 by international and Indonesian platforms, the study examines how misleading visuals are dismantled, recontextualized, and architecturally reassembled. The analysis identifies three recurring modes of visual governance: visual deconstruction, contextual re-anchoring, and symbolic repair. By situating fact-checking within image studies, visual culture, and spatial theories of digital media, this article advances an interdisciplinary understanding of how visual meaning is governed in contested information architectures. The findings suggest that fact-checking operates not only at the level of factual verification but as a culturally situated practice of representational re-architecture, essential for maintaining visual coherence and mitigating conflict escalation in contemporary digital spaces.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mitha Mayestika Kuen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Reconfiguring Journalistic Authority as a Socio-Technical Information System in Platformized News Environments
Digital platforms increasingly operate as socio-technical information systems that reorganize how information is produced, distributed, and legitimized. This article examines how journalistic authority is reconfigured when journalists operate as individual news brands embedded within platform-based information systems such as YouTube and Instagram. Drawing on in-depth interviews with former institutional journalists and qualitative analysis of their platform-native news content, the study explores how professional legitimacy is constructed through algorithmic visibility, datafied performance metrics, and platform governance mechanisms. The findings demonstrate that journalistic authority is displaced from organizational information systems to individual actors whose credibility emerges through the interaction of professional norms, audience-mediated trust, and algorithmic ranking systems. By conceptualizing individual news brands as human-centered information systems operating within platformized environments, this study contributes to information systems research on platform governance, socio-technical infrastructures, and the transformation of professional authority in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fyan Andinasari Kuen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Driving Green Trust: How Social Capital Shapes Repurchase Intention for Green Agricultural Products in the Context of Private Domain Traffic
With the rapid growth of China's digital economy, private domain traffic has become an essential marketing strategy for green agricultural products enterprises. While enhancing consumer-brand relationships, it has not fully resolved issues of consumer trust or translated interactive advantages into sustained purchasing behavior. Based on the SOR framework, this study examines how three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational, cognitive) influence repurchase intention, with green trust (ability trust and goodwill trust) as a mediator. Using questionnaire data and structural equation modeling, the findings indicate that structural social capital and both dimensions of green trust directly promote repurchase intention, whereas relational and cognitive social capital exert indirect effects through green trust. The research extends social capital theory into the context of private domain traffic and offers practical insights for marketing green agricultural products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Le Guo, Endut Intan Rohani, Xiaopeng Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The police's strategy for monitoring money politics in political parties in the 2024 Legislative Elections (Pileg) in Maros Regency
Money politics remains a persistent challenge to electoral democracy in Indonesia, particularly at the local level where political competition, socio-economic vulnerability, and weak law enforcement often intersect. This study aims to analyze the role of the police in supervising vote-buying practices by political parties in the 2024 legislative election in Maros Regency, with specific attention to inter-agency coordination within the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu). Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis involving the police, the General Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), the prosecutor’s office, political parties, and community representatives. The findings reveal that police involvement in vote-buying supervision is embedded within a collaborative institutional framework characterized by collective decision-making, formal and informal coordination, and preventive-oriented strategies. Preventive efforts, including legal socialization, political education, vulnerability mapping, joint patrols during the quiet period, and participatory supervision, play a central role in mitigating money politics. However, the study also identifies significant constraints, particularly difficulties in evidence collection, limited witness cooperation, and strict procedural time limits that hinder effective prosecution. This research concludes that while the Gakkumdu-based oversight model strengthens electoral supervision institutionally, enhancing legal certainty, witness protection, and investigative timeframes is essential to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement against money politics and safeguard democratic integrity at the local level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukarman ., Gustiana A. Kambo, Muhammad Saad, Zulkifli Aspan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Policy Network Structure and Environmental Context: Performance of the Implementation of the Captured Fishermen Poverty Alleviation Policy in Jeneponto
Poverty alleviation is one of the government's priority issues targeting various regions, especially the 3T (frontier and outermost) areas. In the context of South Sulawesi Province, Jeneponto Regency will be the region with a high percentage of poor people in 2024, with coastal areas being the area with the largest percentage. This condition indicates that fishermen, as the main livelihood of the Jeneponto coastal community, have not been able to improve their economic welfare. This is partly due to the lack of alternative economic sources, so that environmental conditions have a significant influence on fishermen's economic activities. This study aims to analyze the policy network implementation of poverty alleviation for capture fishermen in Jeneponto Regency using the Policy Network theory proposed by Normann (2017), which contains four aspects: Network Environment, Actor Interests and Resources, Network Structure, and Network Change. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design that focuses only on policy implementation in Jeneponto Regency. The results of the study indicate that the highly dynamic environmental conditions are not accompanied by an appropriate government response, which is indicated by the programs and assistance provided to fishermen that still do not focus on environmental aspects or other business alternatives. Furthermore, the assistance provided does not emphasize the adaptability or safety of fishermen in unstable environmental conditions. Regarding the network structure, it is still dominated by the government, thus limiting the role of the community or other actors. This situation also indicates a lack of collaborative resource sharing among relevant actors, necessitating further collaboration and coordination regarding the implementation of poverty alleviation policies for fishing communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adri Nugraha Pratama, Gita Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Collective Action and the Growth of Shared Environmental Beliefs in Mangrove Ecotourism Development: A Case Study of Lantebung, Makassar
Sustainable mangrove ecotourism development can provide economic benefits from the mangrove ecosystem without damaging it, one of which is mangrove ecotourism in Lantebung. This ecotourism development involves various actors such as local government, community management groups (JEKOMALA) and non-governmental organizations. This cross-actor collaboration reflects the process of collective action interacting with one another according to the interrelationships and roles they play in solving problems. This study aims to analyze the form of collective action in the development of a mangrove ecotourism program in Lantebung, Makassar City. Using a qualitative case study approach, this study adopts the collective action theoretical framework developed by Carlsson (2000), which includes six dimensions, namely: (1) Contextual Factors, (2) Problem Definition, (3) Growth and Spread of Common Beliefs, (4) Trigger Factors, (5) Actor Mobilization, and (6) Coordination and Control. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, document studies and field observations involving local government, non-governmental organizations, and civil society. The research results indicate that contextual factors, such as natural resource potential and community involvement, are the primary foundation for collective action. However, Lantebung ecotourism management still faces challenges such as suboptimal coordination and role allocation between stakeholders, low human resource capacity, and weak community management institutions. Nevertheless, the community's enthusiasm for environmental conservation and collective awareness of the importance of mangrove conservation are key strengths in maintaining ecotourism sustainability. This research confirms that the success of mangrove ecotourism development depends not only on natural potential but also on the effectiveness of collective action among stakeholders in creating synergy and sustainable collaborative governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ema Angraeni, Muh.Tang Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Influence Of Language Typology, Proficiency Level And Gender On The Use Of Communication Strategies In Third Language Acquisition
This study aims to describe the forms of communication strategies used by BIPA learners in the acquisition of Indonesian as L-3 in terms of variables of proficiency level, typological language, and gender differences. The subjects in this study used 12 BIPA program students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya who came from Southeast Asia; South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and China. The results of this study found that proficiency level, typological language, and gender affect the selection of communication strategies. The use of communication strategies is most diverse in female language learners, which was found 459 times in using various forms of communication strategies. Communication strategies in acquiring Indonesian as a L-3 are strongly influenced by both internal (proficiency level and gender) and external (language typology) factors. The diversity of strategies used, particularly by female learners, indicates that social and linguistic factors contribute to shaping intercultural communication patterns in the context of BIPA learning. This study shows that BIPA learners' communication strategies are influenced by proficiency level, language typology, and gender. Practical implications: BIPA teaching needs to be tailored to the linguistic background and abilities of the learners. Teaching materials should be designed in stages to encourage the use of more complex communication strategies. Furthermore, BIPA teachers need to be trained to be sensitive to differences in language background and communication styles, including gender-based approaches. These findings can also inform curriculum development, teacher training, and pedagogical interventions for cross-cultural learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Icha Fadhilasari, Bambang Yulianto, Suhartono . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Economic Growth-Environment Relationships in Developing Countries: Panel Evidence on EKC Dynamics, Energy Use, and Population
The impact of economic growth on environmental quality remains uncertain, with inconsistent results across various indicators. This study aims to address this gap by examining the effects of economic growth, gasoline consumption, and population on air quality in developing countries. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation, but empirical evidence, especially in developing countries, remains mixed. Using panel data analysis, this study combines these three variables to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their collective impact on air quality. Data from 24 developing countries from 2014 to 2023 are analyzed, with findings revealing significant influences of economic growth, gasoline consumption, and population dynamics on air quality. Based on these findings, a key policy implication is enhancing public awareness of ecological issues to encourage environmental responsibility. Educating the public on the impact of their actions can promote sustainable practices, such as reducing energy use and waste. Additionally, promoting sustainable economic development models is essential. Developing countries should focus on balancing growth with environmental protection by adopting green technologies, renewable energy, and environmentally conscious industrial practices. This research contributes to the understanding of how economic and demographic factors interact to affect air quality in developing nations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Sayuti Royali, Jakfar Sadik, Crisanty Sutrityaningtyas Titik, Herry Yulistiyono, Alifah Rohma Idialis, Nadillah Lilhidayah, Julius Innosensius Beon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
GANism: When AI Rethinks the Borders of Architecture. The Cases of ArchiGAN and Deep Himmelb(l)au.
This paper aims to shed light on the challenges and limitations of GANism in contemporary architectural design. It focuses on two specific experiments carried out using different generative adversarial networks (GANs): ArchiGAN by Stanislas Chaillou, on the one hand, and Deep Himmelb(l)au by Coop Himmelb(l)au, on the other.This research is based on an in-depth literature review on the use of artificial intelligence in architecture today, at the dawn of the digital era. It also includes a visual analysis of photographic and videographic documents drawn from conferences and academic publications.ArchiGAN (2019), developed within the framework of a master’s program at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, is an AI tool based on the Pix2Pix model, enabling the generation of various interior design configurations. It proposes a dynamic distribution of rooms, partitions, and structural elements (columns, load-bearing walls, etc.), thus adapting the space to multiple dwelling scenarios. By contrast, Deep Himmelb(l)au (2019), an experimental initiative conducted within the Coop Himmelb(l)au office, explores the acceleration of the architectural design process by employing a variety of GANs to reinterpret some of the firm’s emblematic projects.How does GANism influence the creative process in these two projects? What kinds of spatiality, functionality, and aesthetics emerge from these computational approaches? What future awaits architecture as a discipline in the face of the growing power of generative tools? What lessons and perspectives do these experiments open up for contemporary architectural and artistic creation?.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sami Kamoun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Changes in Social Networks and Farmers' Consumption Patterns
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed society on the edge of concern, including eucalyptus oil farmers in Buru Regency, Indonesia. This study seeks to explore pre-existing social networks and eating habits where the social structure of society is in a traditional position. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Informants in this study were identified through purposive techniques that involve researchers in making deliberate choices based on predetermined criteria and determining them according to the study's objectives. Data was collected using interview techniques, and the implementation time was day and night so as not to interfere with the informant's working time. The informants in this study were 20 eucalyptus oil farmers, 10 eucalyptus tree land owners, and 10 eucalyptus oil collectors. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic pattern in four stages: the collection of categories, direct interpretation, the formation of patterns, the search for equivalence between two or more categories, and the development of naturalistic generalizations by researchers. The study results show that the pandemic has changed the long-established social network into a rational relationship; limited livelihoods have caused farmers to abandon subsistence and use rational rhythms. The consequences of rational relationships give rise to suspicion, instability, and mutual suspicion, which opens up opportunities for conflict. The social structure formed by emotional relationships tends to weaken when the pandemic becomes a social fact that forces the emergence of conformity from eucalyptus oil farmers. Another result of this study is a change in eating habits prioritizing "adaptation and availability" rather than old habits based on local culture. The rational choices made by eucalyptus oil farmers in fulfilling consumption have resulted in a shift from traditional to rational.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Chairul Basrun Umanailo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Extraction and Analysis of Depth and Angular Effects on Reflectance, SNR, and BER in Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Systems
Underwater optical wireless communication (UWOC) has emerged as a promising high-capacity alternative to conventional underwater acoustic communication systems, While acoustic communication supports long transmission ranges, it suffers from limited data rates, high latency, and sensitivity to ambient noise. In contrast, UWOC systems operate in the visible blue–green optical spectrum, enabling very high data rates, low propagation delay, and enhanced security, which makes them well suited for short- and medium-range underwater applications, Nevertheless, the performance of UWOC links is highly dependent on both environmental conditions and system design parameters.This paper presents an analytical investigation of the effects of beam divergence angle, water temperature, salinity, and theoretical depth on UWOC system performance, Key performance metrics such as optical reflectance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and bit error rate (BER) are examined in detail, Beam divergence angle is identified as a critical factor influencing received optical power, Narrow divergence angles improve power concentration and SNR but require accurate alignment, whereas wider divergence angles enhance robustness to misalignment at the expense of increased geometric spreading, absorption, and scattering losses, leading to BER degradation.The study also analyzes the impact of environmental parameters. Variations in temperature and salinity alter the refractive index and optical attenuation characteristics of water, thereby affecting signal propagation and noise levels, Higher salinity and temperature gradients generally increase attenuation and reduce communication reliability, particularly in deeper water conditions.Additionally, a theoretical depth-impact model is introduced to evaluate the limitations imposed by increasing depth, The results demonstrate that cumulative optical losses and background noise significantly restrict UWOC link performance with depth, Overall, the findings provide useful guidelines for the design and optimization of reliable UWOC systems under diverse underwater environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Satea H. Alnajjar, Zahraa Ali Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
CONSTRUCTING MEANING IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL SPACES: A LOGOTHERAPY-INFORMED CONCEPTUAL INQUIRY INTO EXISTENTIAL EXPERIENCE
This study aims to analyse how meaning in life is constructed within university educational spaces through a logotherapy-based conceptual reading inspired by the narrative of Guru Aini. The study departs from the view that educational spaces do not merely function as physical learning environments, but as existential spaces that shape individuals’ experiences, values, and life orientations. This research employs a qualitative conceptual–interpretive approach through a critical synthesis of selected literature on educational space as a meaningful space, logotherapy in the context of higher education, and conceptual, narrative, and interdisciplinary approaches in educational studies. The narrative of Guru Aini is positioned as a non-textual interpretive framework to enrich conceptual reflection, without being analysed as a literary object.The analysis shows that university educational spaces can be understood as spaces for the search for meaning in life, spaces of struggle and academic resilience, relational spaces that shape social experience, and spaces for the formation of students’ values and life orientations. The analysis also reveals thematic parallels between experiences of educational space and narratives of educational struggle articulated in Guru Aini. This study affirms that educational space plays a strategic role in the construction of meaning in life and the holistic formation of human beings, extending beyond purely instructional functions and academic achievement. The main contribution of this study lies in integrating educational space studies and logotherapy, while enriching higher education discourse by positioning meaning in life as a fundamental dimension of learning experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Puspitasari, Haris Supratno, Suyatno ., Anas Ahmadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Stones of Transcendence: Iconography and Symbolism of Heroic Commemoration in Andhra Pradesh
This paper examines the iconography and symbolic components of a Hero Stone (Viragal) found in Andhra Pradesh, contextualizing it within the wider South Indian tradition of commemorating monuments. The research analyzes the monument's visual narrative by examining its compositional layers, figures, movements, and motifs, uncovering a multifaceted interplay between martial courage and spiritual transcendence. The paper adopts a thematic iconography based on the methods to visualize the hero’s transformation from a mortal warrior elevated to the status of a divine celestial being. The research analyses how weapons, animals, the hero’s transformation as a celestial being serve as visual metaphors for dharma, tyaga (sacrifice) and collective memory.The paper examines the Viragal art historically bringing the stylistic aspects along with the historical notations across dynasties such as the Chalukyan, Kakatiya and Vijayanagara Iconography. The paper affirms that the tradition of hero stones in Andhra Pradesh serve as memorials for commemoration of the deceased warrior, but also as sacred relics connecting history and mythology.
Copyright (c) 2026 G. Lenin Babu, Gomathi Gowda, Vishweshwari Tiwari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ngenger Landscape in Javanese Fiction: A Bourdieusian Reading of Cultural Capital
This study examines the ngenger landscape in Javanese fiction as a socio symbolic terrain where characters pursue recognition through cultural apprenticeship, moral discipline, and class coded refinement. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, and cultural capital, the study analyzes six Indonesian novels published between 1980 and 2000 that foreground ngenger culture: Para Priyayi, Canting, Pengakuan Pariyem, Sekar, Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, and Tirai Menurun. Using qualitative document analysis and thematic coding, the research identifies how ngenger is narrated as a pathway for acquiring embodied cultural capital (e.g., linguistic registers, etiquette, self restraint), institutionalized cultural capital (e.g., schooling, professional legitimacy), and objectified forms of capital (e.g., cultural artifacts, ritual practices, and artistic labor). The findings show that ngenger operates as a mechanism of social mobility while simultaneously reproducing hierarchy through symbolic recognition that depends on dominant norms. The texts also reveal gendered tensions, where feminine refinement can generate symbolic esteem yet constrain autonomy. By conceptualizing ngenger as a landscape rather than a fixed role, this article contributes to Indonesian literary sociology and cultural studies by clarifying how local moral vocabularies are converted into cultural capital and negotiated within modernizing social fields. The study suggests that Javanese fiction functions as an archive of cultural reproduction and critique, offering a grounded framework for reading tradition, aspiration, and inequality in postcolonial narratives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Suharti, Djoko Saryono, Roekhan ., Yuni Pratiwi, Ermi Adriani Meikayanti, Paramitha Kusumawardhani, Nia Budiana, Agung Rinaldy Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sustainable Building Blocks Impacts on Cost, Productivity, Time, and Insulation
This research evaluates four sustainable masonry block options used in Iraq and examines their impact on insulation performance, construction productivity, building time, and total cost. Also, it assesses the sustainability of four common masonry block types in Iraq—conventional concrete, pumice-based blocks, clay hollow blocks, and Izocrete (EPS-based) blocks—by thoroughly comparing their thermal performance, construction efficiency, environmental footprint, and long-term economic viability. A quantitative approach is used, including calculations of thermal transmittance (U-value), heat-load modelling, yearly energy cost estimates, and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) over 50 years. Results indicate that pumice and Izocrete blocks have much lower U-values (0.108 and 0.078 W/m²·K, respectively) compared to conventional concrete blocks (2.39 W/m²·Kleading to major reductions in cooling loads. Annual energy savings amount to $300.55 for pumice, $266.14 for clay, and $304.34 for Izocrete blocks, compared with $935.71 in annual cooling costs for conventional concrete walls. Productivity analysis shows that lightweight blocks improve construction efficiency by about 20%, shortening project duration by roughly two workdays and saving up to $1,760 in labor costs per unit. Environmental analysis reveals pumice and clay blocks emit the least embodied CO₂ due to their natural materials and lower manufacturing energy. A 50-year present value (PV) analysis demonstrates strong long-term financial benefits, with Izocrete attaining the highest net present value (over $390,000), closely followed by pumice. Overall, the results emphasize the economic and ecological benefits of using lightweight, thermally insulating blocks in Iraq’s residential building sector. Future research should explore actual thermal performance under different climate conditions and develop policies to promote the widespread adoption of sustainable wall systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Harith Ahmed Ali, Sagid M. Omaran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Study on the Impact of Social Media Use on Teaching Performance of Teachers in Private Universities in Henan Province—Mediated by Relational Conflict
To explore the impact of social media use on teachers' teaching performance in private universities in Henan Province and its mediating role in relational conflict, this paper uses a sample of 869 teachers from 21 private undergraduate universities in Henan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 27 and Amos 29. This paper categorizes social media use into task-oriented and social-oriented types. Through reliability and validity tests, correlation analysis, and mediation effect tests, it was found that both types of social media use are significantly positively correlated with teaching performance and significantly negatively correlated with relational conflict. Relational conflict plays a partial mediating role between social media use and teaching performance in both types: the indirect effect of "task-oriented use → relational conflict → teaching performance" is 0.127, and the indirect effect of "social-oriented use → relational conflict → teaching performance" is 0.114 (p < 0.001 for both). Ultimately, this paper reveals a dual pathway of "direct empowerment - indirect transmission" in how social media use affects teaching performance, providing empirical evidence for teachers in private universities in Henan Province to optimize their social media use, alleviate relational conflict, and improve teaching performance.
Social- oriented Social Media Use(SOSMU)
Copyright (c) 2026 Gao Jun, Wan Nur Tasnim Binti Wan Hussin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Building Organizational Performance through Trust-Based Leader Member Exchange: Evidence from Rattan SMEs
This study examines how Amanah-based Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) enhances organizational performance by emphasizing trust as a central relational mechanism in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on Social Exchange Theory and relational leadership perspectives, the study addresses an important gap in the LMX literature by positioning trust not merely as an outcome, but as a key pathway through which leadership relationships translate into performance outcomes. The research focuses on labor-intensive rattan SMEs in Solo Raya, Indonesia, where organizational performance depends heavily on close leader–employee interactions and relational coordination. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 189 employees working in rattan SMEs. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the proposed model linking three dimensions of Amanah-based LMX (respect, obligation, and trust) to affective commitment and organizational performance. The results demonstrate strong explanatory power, with the model explaining 78.6% of the variance in organizational performance and 74.5% in affective commitment.The findings reveal that Amanah Trust is the most influential predictor of affective commitment and organizational performance, both directly and indirectly through affective commitment. Respect and obligation dimensions also show positive direct effects on commitment and performance, although their indirect effects through affective commitment are weaker or non-significant. These results indicate that trust serves as the primary relational catalyst that converts ethical and supportive leadership behaviors into sustained performance outcomes in SMEs. This study contributes to the leadership literature by extending Leader–Member Exchange theory through the integration of Amanah-based trust as a central explanatory mechanism, offering a culturally grounded yet broadly applicable framework for understanding leadership effectiveness in resource-constrained organizational contexts. Practically, the findings underscore the importance of trust-oriented leadership development for enhancing commitment-driven performance in SMEs operating in competitive and uncertain environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 R. Djayendra Dewa, Heru Sulistyo, Asyari . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Moderating Roles of Safety Communication on the Relationship between Safety Practices and Safety Performance in Nigeria Construction Companies
When compared to other industries, the construction business has a higher workplace death rate. In addition, achieving zero accidents requires substantial effort. This study therefore aims to investigate how safety communication influences the relationship between key safety practices and safety performance in Nigeria construction companies. Safety management involvement, risk perception, safety training, safety culture, and safety motivation as the key safety practices considered in this study are to be moderated by safety communication respectively with respects to safety performance. Questionnaires were distributed to Nigerian construction employees from the selected construction companies located in Lagos state, Nigeria using simple random and convenience sampling while structural equation modelling was employed as the analysis technique. The results showed that, perceived management commitment, safety training, safety motivation and risk perception have direct significant relationship with safety performance with the exception of safety culture. However, the study revealed that safety communication moderates the relationship between safety motivation only from all the safety practices and safety performance. By highlighting the importance of safety communication for any effective and strategic implementation in improving safety performance through the deployment of the considered safety practices, the tenets of the behavior-based safety (BBS) theory are validated.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bright Udoka Obiekwe, Ahmad Jusoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Khorchin Shamanic Attire: Ritual Functions, Symbolism, and Socio-Religious Influences
The vestments utilized in shamanic rituals constitute a crucial component of tangible cultural heritage, signifying the shaman’s function in communicating with spirits and deities, as well as their socio-cultural status. The attire of the Khorchin shaman is characterized by a complex structure, comprising an inner deel (traditional robe), a ritual waistcoat (vest), a belt, headgear, boots, and auxiliary accouterments such as mirrors and bells. Each of these elements carries distinct symbolism and ritual functions.This study aims to analyze the structure, craftsmanship, artistic design of the embellishments, and the symbolic system of Khorchin shamanic attire from an ethnological and cultural studies perspective, with a view to determining the influence of regional historical context and socio- religious factors.Research findings indicate that the ritual attire of the Khorchin shaman is not merely a protective apparatus, but rather a complex ethno-aesthetic system of ritual performance. It serves to channel the efficacy of the ongod (ancestral spirits), amplify the potency of ritualistic actions, and facilitate the psychological concentration of the practitioner.By analyzing holistically the typologies, construction, aesthetic forms, and symbolic structures of Khorchin shamanic attire, this article elucidates how these elements have evolved in alignment with traditional shamanic rituals and cultural systems. This analysis provides a significant contribution to the fields of Mongolian shamanic studies and historical costume research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chao Bo Yang, Oyun-Erdene Baasan, Azzaya Chimedbat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Islamic Education Planning to Create Superior Character in the Society 5.0 Era for Students
This study aims to describe the planning of Islamic education in realizing the superior and religious character of MTs Al-Wahdah Kendari students in the Society 5.0 era. A naturalistic qualitative approach was employed through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis from September 2024 to January 2025. Informants included the head of the foundation, madrasah leaders, teachers, committee members, parents, students, and representatives from the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The results of the study show: (1) planning begins with determining the direction–goals–strategies based on the vision of “Religious and Excellent” and is formulated participatory through internal deliberations and parent forums; (2) the strategy for achieving targets is realized through an integrative-holistic curriculum that internalizes Islamic values in all subjects, reinforced by extracurricular activities and madrasah culture as moral habits; (3) technology is adopted in a non-technocentric (human-centered) manner for coordination, program visualization, learning, and reporting, as well as being used as a value fence so that cyberspace risks can be managed through Islamic ethics. This integration of values-programs-technology supports eight superior student characters: critical-creative, communication-collaboration, digital literacy, adaptive and lifelong learning, religious, entrepreneurial, problem-solving, and global-intercultural awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wa Ode Reni, Anwar Hafid, Nanik Hindaryatiningsih, Abdul Halim Momo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Ambiguities in the Implementation of Human Rights Protection for Sunda Wiwitan Adherents: A Critical Review
Amid various social and legal challenges, critical philosophical perspectives offer valuable tools for analysis and resolution. Such perspectives may also be applied to the situation experienced by adherents of Sunda Wiwitan in Kuningan Regency, West Java. This study focuses on the following research question: How can the critical views of selected philosophers be utilized to address the ambiguity in the implementation of human rights protection for Sunda Wiwitan adherents in Kuningan Regency following Constitutional Court Decision No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016?This research employs critical thinking approaches derived from Paul Ricoeur, G. W. F. Hegel, Jeremy Bentham, and Charles Taylor. In social, national, and state life, the interpretation of laws and regulations, international conventions, and social phenomena must consider the interests of all stakeholders without excluding minority groups. Such interpretation should be directed toward achieving the common good and a better shared life. State administrative officials, in performing their respective functions, should be guided by integrity and authenticity. Through integrity and authenticity, state officials are not easily swayed by currents that promote attitudes inconsistent with the Constitution. In this way, the fundamental rights of all citizens can be effectively protected.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustinus Supriyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role of Competency in Mediating the Impact of Training, Education, and Personal Characteristics on Successful Crew Recruitment in Indonesian Shipping Companies
This study examines the determinants of successful crew recruitment in Indonesian shipping companies by analyzing the direct and indirect effects of training, education, and personal characteristics through competency as a mediating variable. Using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), data from 165 HR division employees across Indonesian shipping companies were analyzed. The outer model evaluation confirmed convergent validity (factor loadings >0.70, AVE >0.50), discriminant validity (Fornell-Larcker criterion and HTMT), and reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha >0.70, Composite Reliability >0.70). The inner model demonstrated strong predictive power with R² values of 0.684 for competency and 0.726 for recruitment success. Hypothesis testing revealed that training, education, and personal characteristics significantly and positively influence both competency and successful crew recruitment. Furthermore, competency significantly mediates these relationships, with mediation effects confirmed through bootstrapping analysis (p <0.05, t >1.96). The findings indicate that competency serves as a critical linking mechanism transforming human capital investments and individual attributes into recruitment success. This research contributes to maritime human resource management theory by demonstrating a dual-pathway model and provides practical implications for enhancing crew selection processes through competency development programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neng Sri Komala, Muhammad Thamrin, Prasadja Ricardianto, Endri Endri, Edi Abdurachman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Scientific production on climate change in Peru, a bibliometric study 2001-2025
Climate change is one of the major contemporary global challenges, with impacts on territories and societies, particularly in highly vulnerable countries like Peru. In this context, this article aims to analyze the scientific output on climate change in Peru during the period 2001–2025, through a bibliometric study designed to characterize its evolution, impact, collaboration patterns, and main predominant thematic approaches. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approach was adopted, based on bibliometric techniques applied to the Scopus database. The final corpus consisted of 867 scientific articles analyzed using the Bibliometrix and Biblishiny software. The results show sustained growth in scientific productivity with a marked intensification since the last decade, as well as a high level of participation in international collaboration networks. In terms of impact, a concentration of citations and h-index is observed among a small number of authors, institutions, and journals with global reach. The thematic analysis reveals a predominance of the socio-environmental approach, focusing on the Andean territory, biodiversity, deforestation, and the interactions between human and non-human dimensions. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate the consolidation of climate change as a priority research field in Peru and underscore the need to strengthen interdisciplinary studies that integrate the analysis of the built environment, territorial planning, and architecture in the face of current climate challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yudi Janeh Yucra-Mamani, Rolando Esteban Rodriguez-Huamani, César Eleodoro Del Carpio-Flores, Mario Silva-Dueñas, Walker Ernesto Aragón-Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Numerical Investigation of Different Failure Mechanisms in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates with Emphasis on Delamination
The current study provides an exhaustive insight into the progressive failure modes of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates, especially delamination. Using progressive failure analysis (P.F.A.) analysis within a Finite Element Method framework. A detailed of numerical modeling approach was employed that tracked specific failure chronologies, including first ply failure (FPF), delamination initiation, and ultimate failure, for configurations like open-hole tension (O.H.T.) specimens and laminates with different stacking sequences, in addition, energy dissipation predictions quantified the contributions of different failure modes, such as fiber fracture/kinking and matrix cracking/crushing and in-plane shear failure and Mode I/II/III delamination. The effect of stacking sequence optimization on delamination resistance and overall structural performance was investigated through parametric studies. The P.F.A. model predictions were also compared with simplified analytical models and fictitious test data, showing notably better ability to capture the multiple coupling of damage modes. the findings reveal that delamination acts as an interacting and potentially life-limiting failure mode and can provide substantial guidance for the composite design optimization and structural reliability improvements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hayder Abdul Hadi Abdul Razzaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0