The Influence Of Language Typology, Proficiency Level And Gender On The Use Of Communication Strategies In Third Language Acquisition

Abstract

This study aims to describe the forms of communication strategies used by BIPA learners in the acquisition of Indonesian as L-3 in terms of variables of proficiency level, typological language, and gender differences. The subjects in this study used 12 BIPA program students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya who came from Southeast Asia; South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and China. The results of this study found that proficiency level, typological language, and gender affect the selection of communication strategies. The use of communication strategies is most diverse in female language learners, which was found 459 times in using various forms of communication strategies. Communication strategies in acquiring Indonesian as a L-3 are strongly influenced by both internal (proficiency level and gender) and external (language typology) factors. The diversity of strategies used, particularly by female learners, indicates that social and linguistic factors contribute to shaping intercultural communication patterns in the context of BIPA learning. This study shows that BIPA learners' communication strategies are influenced by proficiency level, language typology, and gender. Practical implications: BIPA teaching needs to be tailored to the linguistic background and abilities of the learners. Teaching materials should be designed in stages to encourage the use of more complex communication strategies. Furthermore, BIPA teachers need to be trained to be sensitive to differences in language background and communication styles, including gender-based approaches. These findings can also inform curriculum development, teacher training, and pedagogical interventions for cross-cultural learners.